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Why can the distinction between fixed costs and variable costs be made in the short run?

Classify the following as fixed or variable costs: advertising expenditures, fuel, interest on company-issued bonds, shipping charges, payments for raw materials, real estate taxes, executive salaries, insurance premiums , wage payments, sales taxes, and rental payments on leased office machinery.

The distinction can be made because there are some costs that do not vary with total output. These are the fixed costs that, fundamentally, are related to the scale or size of the plant. In the short run, by definition, the scale of the plant cannot change: The firm cannot bring in more machinery or move to a larger building. All costs that are related to the scale of the plant—costs that continue to be incurred even though the firm’s output may be zero—are fixed costs. On the other hand, the firm can increase its output by using its plant—its fixed capital—more intensively, that is, by hiring more labor, or by using more materials. But by doing so, it will increase its operating costs, its variable costs.

Advertising expenditures: variable costs (although it may be reasonable to argue a fixed component). Fuel: variable costs. Interest on company-issued bonds: fixed costs. Shipping charges: variable costs. Payments for raw materials: variable costs. Real estate taxes: fixed costs. Executive salaries: fixed costs. Insurance premiums: fixed costs. Wage payments: variable costs. Depreciation and obsolescence charges: fixed costs. Sales taxes: variable costs. Rental payments on leased office machinery: fixed costs (although it is possible that short-term lease arrangements on some types of office equipment may rise or fall with output).

In the long run, the firm can, by definition, get out of paying all of its short-run fixed costs; its lease is up, it can fire its executives without penalty, the insurance has run out, and so on. All of its costs at this moment, then, are variable. It can decide to continue producing at the same scale and thus reassume all its previous fixed costs for the next short-run period; or it can decide to increase its scale and thus increase its fixed costs; or it can decide to go out of business and thus have no costs at all.



Zojirushi NS-ZCC10 5-1/2-Cup Neuro Fuzzy Rice Cooker and Warmer, Premium White Zojirushi NS-ZCC10 5-1/2-Cup Neuro Fuzzy Rice Cooker and Warmer, Premium White

List Price: $233.00

 

Description

Zojirushi Neuro Fuzzy NSZCC10 Rice Cooker & Warmer

Features

  • 5-1/2-cup computerized rice cooker and warmer with advanced Neuro Fuzzy logic technology
  • Multi-menu selections; automatic keep-warm, extended keep-warm, and reheat cycles
  • Spherical, nonstick inner pan allows for spherical heating; LCD clock and timer; retractable cord
  • 2 measuring cups, nonstick rice spoon/scooper, rice spoon holder, and recipes included
  • Measures approximately 14 by 8 by 9 inches; 1-year limited warranty
Cuisinart DCC-1200 Brew Central 12-Cup Programmable Coffeemaker Cuisinart DCC-1200 Brew Central 12-Cup Programmable Coffeemaker

List Price: $145.00

 

Description

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2.25 2.25" SMART CRUSHER Quality Tobacco Herb Grinder (non-aluminum grinder)

List Price: $49.99

 

Description

Product Description Sharp Crusher is the newest grinder brand in the market. It is the ONLY non-aluminum grinder. The metal alloy making up the Sharp Crusher grinder is much stronger a far superior compared to aluminum...

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Crisp Crisp

 
Earth's Best TenderCare Chlorine Free Diapers Earth's Best TenderCare Chlorine Free Diapers

 

Description

Introducing… New Earth's Best TenderCare Chlorine Free Diapers from Earth's Best - the #1 baby brand in natural foods. These diapers are made from absorbent materials that are never treated with chorine bleach...

Priva Ultra Plus Waterproof Sheet Protector, 34 Priva Ultra Plus Waterproof Sheet Protector, 34" x 52", White

List Price: $18.99

 

Description

Keeps sheets dry all night. Unique brushed polyester fabric channels fluid away from the surface for maximum comfort and ultra-dry surface. Absorbs quickly and locks in moisture for the best in skin care...

Features

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Lipton Black Tea, Vanilla Caramel Truffle, Premium Pyramid Tea Bags, 20-Count Boxes (Pack of 6) Lipton Black Tea, Vanilla Caramel Truffle, Premium Pyramid Tea Bags, 20-Count Boxes (Pack of 6)

List Price: $22.37

 

Description

Smooth and enriching, Lipton Vanilla Caramel Truffles tea indulge the senses with its satisfying taste and delightful aroma. Our long-cut tea is hand-picked from only the tip two leaves and a bud and packaged in our unique pyramid-shaped bags that allow t

Features

  • Has the delicate taste of vanilla which blends beautifully with caramel to give this tea the right balance of sweetness
  • Pack of six 20-count tea bag boxes (total 120 tea bags)
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Miracle-Gro 0149302-556 Potting Mix - 16 Quart Miracle-Gro 0149302-556 Potting Mix - 16 Quart

List Price: $19.99

 

Description

Miracle-Gro, 16 QT, Potting Mix, Superior Blend Of Composted Bark, Sphagnum Peat Moss and Perlite, Enriched With Miracle-Gro Plant Food, Feeds Instantly and Continuously For Quick Root Development and Sturdy Growth, Stand Up Resealable Waterproof Bag.

Features

  • 2010 Formula
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